He said the referendum would ask voters whether they support implementing EU climate measures that, in his view, have increased living costs and the cost of running businesses and farms. A nationwide referendum initiated by the president requires Senate approval, which is unlikely given the chamber’s pro‑EU majority. The move puts Nawrocki in open conflict with EU‑backed climate policy and follows years of disputes in Poland over the pace and cost of the green transition; Polish farmers have repeatedly protested against EU agricultural and climate rules, warning that they could undermine domestic production and food security. “This referendum is not against environmental protections or our status within a united Europe,” Nawrocki said, insisting he wants Poles to decide “the pace of change, its scope and the costs they incur.”