Debate over reforming the Security Council is gaining momentum, with multiple proposals on the table. The “Group of Four” — India, Brazil, Japan and Germany — advocates for expanding permanent membership, while the “Group of 69” calls for stronger African representation and broader institutional changes. Discussions go beyond adding new members, focusing on limiting veto power, which critics say undermines decision-making during conflicts. Two co-chairs from the Netherlands and Kuwait will lead negotiations to consolidate proposals. Member states are expected to decide next year whether to begin formal talks on what could be the most significant UN reform in decades.